What is biogas? What are the main components of biogas?

Release time:

2022-08-09

Biogas is a kind of mixed gas produced by organic substances under anaerobic conditions through microbial fermentation. Biogas, as the name suggests, is the gas in the marsh. People often see bubbles in marshes, sewage ditches or cesspools. If we strike a match, we can light it. This is the natural biogas. Since this gas was first found in marshes, it is called biogas. Human and animal feces, straw, sewage and other organic substances are fermented in the closed biogas digester under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions, and are decomposed and transformed by a wide variety of biogas fermentation microorganisms to produce biogas.

Biogas is a mixture of many gases, and its characteristics are similar to natural gas. In addition to direct combustion for cooking, drying agricultural and sideline products, heating, lighting and gas welding, biogas can also be used as fuel for internal combustion engines and for the production of methanol, formalin, carbon tetrachloride and other chemical raw materials. The feed liquid and sediment discharged from the biogas plant after fermentation contain rich nutrients and can be used as fertilizer and feed.

Methane is the main component of biogas. Biogas consists of 50%-80% methane (CH4), 20%-40% carbon dioxide (CO2), 0%-5% nitrogen (N2), less than 1% hydrogen (H2), less than 0.4% oxygen (O2) and 0.1%-3% hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Biogas contains a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, so it has a slight odor. Its characteristics are similar to natural gas. If the air contains 8.6-20.8% (by volume) of biogas, explosive gas mixtures will be formed.

Methane, the main component of biogas, is an ideal gaseous fuel. It is colorless and tasteless. It will burn when mixed with an appropriate amount of air. The calorific value of pure methane per cubic meter is 34000 kJ, and that of biogas per cubic meter is about 20800 - 23600 kJ. That is, after 1 cubic meter of biogas is completely burned, it can generate heat equivalent to that provided by 0.7 kg of anthracite coal. Compared with other fuels, it has better antiknock performance and is a good clean fuel.

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